8
CHAPTER EIGHT
cdmaOne/IS-95
While spread spectrum techniques had been used for many years in military circles, and then
primarily for covert communications systems, it was not until 1989 that the idea of using direct
sequence spread spectrum techniques in the form of a code division multiple access scheme was
proposed to the Telecommunications Industry Association in the USA. As there was already
another second-generation technology being developed, the industry did not want competing
technology to be introduced. Accordingly, the first CDMA networks were not launched in the USA,
from where the idea had emanated. Instead the first network was launched in Hong Kong in 1994,
with the first network in the USA being launched in 1996.
The idea of using