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Customer Relationship Management Systems Handbook
In 1995, the European Union (EU) further advanced the privacy issue by
adopting the
European Directive on Personal Data Protection
, which came
into effect on October 25, 1998. The Directive applies restrictions to all forms
of personal data processing, in both electronic and nonelectronic environ-
ments, and will affect all companies either operating in Europe or collecting
or using European personal data. In recognition of the fact that privacy is a
global issue, the Directive’s Article 25 restricts the transfer of personal data
on European citizens to third countries unless those countries have adequate
personal data protection. This provision has resulted in a number of other
privacy initiatives ...