December 2005
Intermediate to advanced
475 pages
12h 6m
English
Content preview from Signals and Systems
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10.1 DELAY ELEMENTS
Figure. 10.1 shows a delay element so that for an input X(k + 1) it produces an output X(k). Therefore, the element is delayed by one unit.
Fig. 10.1
If z–transform of x(k) be X(z), then z–transform of x (k + 1) is zX (z). Therefore, for an input zX (z) to a delay element, output will be X(z).
Hence the transfer function of delay element 
We can also write the letter ‘D’ or z−1 in the block of ‘unit delay’ element.
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