December 2005
Intermediate to advanced
475 pages
12h 6m
English
Content preview from Signals and Systems
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9.10 OBSERVABILITY
If any state of a system can not be observed from measurements, it is called unobservable. From Fig. 9.13, it is clear that the state x2 is not connected to output. Therefore the state x2 is called unobservable.
Fig. 9.13 x2 is unobservable
Any linear time invariant system can be represented by the dynamic equation
and y(t) = Cx(t) + Du(t)
The state x(t) is said to be observable if there exists a finite time t1 ≥ 0 for any given input u(t) so that the knowledge of u(t) for t1 ≥ t ≥ t0, the matrices A
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