The basis of timing in animation is the fixed projection speed of 24 frames per second (fps) for film and video (Fig. 8). While other projection speeds have been used in the past, the standard projection rate for film of all formats—16 mm, 35 mm, and 70 mm—remains 24 fps. On television and video, this becomes 25 frames per second (PAL) or 30 fps (NTSC and some computer programs), but the difference is usually imperceptible. Modern theme park attractions with advanced digital high resolution are using 60 frames a second. The animator needs to calculate for twos, taking it down to 30 fps and adjust their timing accordingly.
FIG 8Twenty-four frames of film go through the projector every second (25 on television). ...
Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month, and much more.
O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.
Julian F.
Head of Cybersecurity
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.
Addison B.
Field Engineer
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.
Amir M.
Data Platform Tech Lead
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.
O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.
