September 2002
Intermediate to advanced
560 pages
13h 16m
English
We recommend the following books for a general introduction to first-order predicate calculus: Kalish [1980], Jeffrey [1981], and Gamut [1991]. For our purposes, Kalish is highly informative, particularly on the subject of translations from natural into formal languages.
Here are the symbols we use:
| ¬ | negation, it is not the case that |
| ∧ | conjunction, and |
| ∨ | disjunction, or |
| → | conditional, only if |
| ↔ | biconditional, if and only if |
| ≡ | equivalence |
| ∀ | universal quantifier, for all |
| ∃ | existential quantifier, there is at least one |
| ▀ | obligation, it is an obligation to |
| ♦ | permission, it is permissible to |
| • | prohibition, it is prohibited to |
We use different conventions in order to be suggestive with the selection of our variables to ...
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