
110 Compact Plasma and Focused Ion Beams
are multipolar contributions. A good tting was obtained with the values
k2 = 10, k3 = 172, m = 12, and n = 4.
This indicates that 12-polar and quadrupolar elds are superposed. The
eld along the diagonal has null points at x = 2.8 cm. The ECR condition is
satised at about x = 2.2 cm along the midline and x = 3.6 cm along the diag-
onal. The wall along the midline is indicated as “MWS” at x = 3 cm and the
corner of the square as “DWS” at x = 4.24 cm. A pair of ECR points near the
corner, which are beyond the null points, may not be effective. This leads to
a decrease in the number of effective ECR points ...