Compact Plasma and Focused Ion Beams

163Plasma Production in Pulsed-Mode Microwaves

cross section is equal to that of the waveguide

(.),

Ad

==×

−

p

242

4259 10/ m

we have

ε

o

E



22

23410/ =−×

−

()

(J m

−3

) for P = 60 kW. On the other hand, the

force F

pl

due to the pressure gradient is given by F

pl

= ∇(N

e

κ

T

e

). For typical

experimental conditions of N

e

= 10

16

−10

17

m

3

and T

e

≅ 10 eV, N

e

κ

T

e

= (2−16) × 10

−2

(J m

−3

). Therefore, under the present experimental situation, F

pm

and F

pl

become of the same order. We dene v

p

as a drive velocity due to the pon-

deromotive force. The measured drive velocity v shown in Figure 9.11 is con-

sidered to be the sum of two kinds of driven velocity, v = v

s

+ v

p

, which ...