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Thus far the rule types that have been discussed have not used subtypes to restrict
update operations. Subtypes are groups of related records that exist within a database
table. A subtype nearly always has special business rules that operate on the records
that belong to it, but not on the other records in the table. This is why subtypes are
so important in any consideration of business rules.
In the design approach followed here a subtype is identified by a single indica-
tor column in the table, or a single value of a reference data code value in a column
of the table. There may be complex conditions, expressed in business rules, which
lead to the population of the indicator column or the reference data code value that
identifies the subtype. Alternatively ...