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In a traditional systems development project, a database is built and rarely changed
after it is implemented. The database typically originates from a data model that is
designed over the course of the analysis and design phases of the project. At first, this
data model is designed at the conceptual level, showing major entities and relation-
ships in the business domain that is being modeled. Gradually, it is evolved into a
logical data model, which should have all entities present in third normal form, com-
plete primary keys for these entities, and all the relationships between the entities.
Sometimes there is an attempt to produce a “fully attributed” logical data model. If
this is done, it is expected that all entities in the logical data model ...