August 2017
Intermediate to advanced
360 pages
8h 35m
Chinese
Content preview from 算法技术手册（原书第2 版）
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AI
寻路
｜
189
AI
寻路
浅灰色的棋局状态是在
开集
中等待被继续搜索的。这个例子中，算法总共处理了
25
个
棋局状态。
图 7-18：广度优先搜索的初始状态
7.8.1 输入 / 输出
该算法从一个初始棋局状态开始，寻找一个目标状态；返回一个走法序列，表示从初始
状态到目标状态费用最小的路径（或者输出无解）。
7.8.2 使用环境
广度优先搜索
也属于盲目搜索，它只有在搜索空间小于计算机内存空间时才具有可行性。
因为
广度优先搜索
首先必须保证找到的是一条最短路径，所以，它需要检查完所有长度
为
N
的路径之后才会开始检查长度为
N
+ 1
的路径，所以如果是需要很多步才能得到解
的情况，那么所需时间会非常长。此外，如果只需要得到从初始状态到目标状态的一条
路径（例如并不需要寻找绝对最短路径），广度优先搜索可能并不合适。
图 7-19：八数码问题的广度优先搜索树
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