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算法技术手册(原书第2 版)
book

算法技术手册(原书第2 版)

by George T.Heineman, Gary Pollice, Stanley Selkow
August 2017
Intermediate to advanced
360 pages
8h 35m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from 算法技术手册(原书第2 版)
102
5
如果使用
Java
String
类,那么还会需要额外的存储费用——每个字符串有
12B
的费
。因此还需要增加
213 557
×
12 = 2 562 684
个额外字节,所以,例子中的实现需要
7 568 172B
的内存来正常运行。单词表中字符串的实际字符数量只有
2 099 075
。所以我
们的实现需要大约是字符数量的
3.6
倍的存储空间。
大多数的存储费用都是由于使用了
Java
类而导致的。在实现散列表时,必须在易用且略
有浪费与难于实现却可实现最大优化之间做出选择。当内存价格高高在上时,可以选择
后者来优化内存使用从而节省开支。但是,如果内存充足,散列函数不会产生太多冲突,
有一个可以立即使用的链表实现,我们通常都会选择
JDK
提供的解决方案。
影响实现算法的一个主要因素是数据集合是否会改变。在上述例子中,单词表是固定的,
且其大小是预先知道,并且我们不会在单词表中添加或者删除单词。但是,如果这个
数据集合是动态的,会有很多元素插入或者删除,那么就必须选择一个合适的数据结构
来优化性能。在上述例子中,冲突处理策略之所以工作得非常好,因为在链表中插入
元素只需要常数时间,删除元素的时间和链表长度成比例。如果散列函数能够更加均匀
地分布元素,那么得到的每一个链表的长度会相对更短。
5.3.3 决方案
除了设计散列函数,
散列搜索算法
还包括两个步骤第一步是创建散列表。例
5-6
的代
展示了如何使用链表将元素散列到特定的表元素。我们使用迭代器来从集合
C
中来
读取输入元素。
5-6
:加载散列表
public ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111562221