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算法技术手册(原书第2 版)
book

算法技术手册(原书第2 版)

by George T.Heineman, Gary Pollice, Stanley Selkow
August 2017
Intermediate to advanced
360 pages
8h 35m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from 算法技术手册(原书第2 版)
208
8
在本章中,我们将阐述
Ford-Fulkerson
算法。该算法用于解最大流问题。
Ford-
Fulkerson
算法也可以直接用于二分图匹配问题,如图
8-1
所示。此外,一旦理解了
Ford-Fulkerson
算法的基本原理,不难发现,该算法框架可以用于解决最小费用流问
题,例如转运问题、运输问题以及任务分配问题。
从理论上来说,线性规划(
LP
)也可以用于解决图
8-1
中的所有问题,但是必须得先将
这些问题转换成正确的线性表示形式,并将得到的解转换成原有的形式(我们将在本章
末尾介绍这个转换过程)。线性规划用于在包含线性关系的数学模型中求解最优解(例
如最大利润和最小费用)。不过在实际使用中,对于图
8-1
中的问题,本章所描述的算
法性能要比线性规划高上好几个数量级。
8.1 网络流
流网络可以抽象为一个有向图
G
= (
V
,
E
)
,其中
V
是顶点集,
E
是连接这些顶点的边集。
图是连通的(虽然并不是每条边都需要展示出来)。有一个特殊的源顶点
s
s
V
),
负责生产商品,然后通过图的边运输到汇点
t
V
(也称为终点或者目标点)进行消费。
流网络假设源点能够生产无限多的商品,并且汇点能够消费完所有接收到的商品。
每条边
(
u
,
v
)
都有一个流量
f
(
u
,
v
)
,表示从
u
运输到
v
的商品单位数目。同样,每条边也
有一个容量
c
(
u
,
v
)
,表示能够从
u
运输到
v
的最多商品的单元数量。在图
8-2
中,对源
顶点
s
和汇点
t
之间的每个顶点都进行了编号,并且每条边也使用诸如
f/c
的形式进行标
记,它们分别表示一条边上的流量以及最大允许的容量。例如边 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111562221