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算法技术手册(原书第2 版)
book

算法技术手册(原书第2 版)

by George T.Heineman, Gary Pollice, Stanley Selkow
August 2017
Intermediate to advanced
360 pages
8h 35m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from 算法技术手册(原书第2 版)
搜索算法
115
搜索算法
需要的空间未必足够,因为我们对于动态的数据集合
事先
没有任何的了解,所以无法选
择一个比较合适的散列表规模来有效利用资源。而且散列表也不支持有序地遍历元素。
这里可以使用
搜索树
来存储动态数据集合。无论是在内存中还是在二级存储器上,搜索
树不仅性能出色,还能够有序地返回元素,这是散列表无法完成的。最常使用的搜索树
二叉搜索树
BST
),它的每一个内部结点都最多有两个子结点
左子结点
右子结点
(见
5-7
)。
当遇到如下情况时,我们可以考虑使用二叉搜索树:
需要有序(升序或降序)地遍历数据。
数据的规模未知,而且实现必须应对各种可能的情况。
数据频繁改变,且有大量的删除和插入操作。
5.5.1 输入 / 输出
搜索树的输入和输出算法
二分搜索
的格式基本一样。集合
C
中的每一个元素
e
都会被
存储到搜索树中,并且这些元素都会根据一个或者多个属性计算出键值
k
。这些键值不
仅决定了全集
U
,还必须是全序的。也就是说,给定两个键值
k
i
k
j
,只存在三种可能:
k
i
=
k
j
k
i
>
k
j
k
i
<
k
j
如果元素的值本身就是原生类型(如整数或字符串),那么这个值本身就可以作为键值。
否则,这些元素指向的数据结构中将会包含键值(动态计算非常耗费资源)。
5.5.2 使用环境
BST
是一个非空的
结点集合,它所包含的
键值
是全序的。最顶部的
结点
BST
中其他
所有子结点的祖先。每个结点
n
至多包含两个二元结点(即每个结点最多包含两个子
),
n
n
BST
需要确保二叉搜索树的性质,换言之,如果 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111562221