August 2017
Intermediate to advanced
360 pages
8h 35m
Chinese
Content preview from 算法技术手册（原书第2 版）
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326
｜
第
12
章
机所能够提供的内存非常大，因此对于均匀分布的数据，即便内存占用率很高，还是应
当考虑使用桶排序进行排序。
表
12-4
给出了空间树算法（见第
10
章），在各种情况下的性能。
表
12
-
4
：空间树算法
算法 最好 平均 最差 涉及概念
最近邻查询 log
n
log
n n k
-
d
树和递归
四叉树 log
n
log
n
log
n
四叉树
范围查询
n
1-1
/d
+
r
n
1-1
/d
+
r n
k
-
d
树和递归
R 树 log
n
log
n
log
n
R 树
12.5 构造一个搜索
人工智能（
AI
）领域的先驱们经常需要解决一些没有已知解法的问题。解决这些问题最
常用的方法就是将这些问题转化为一个在巨大图上搜索的问题。我们之所以花了一整章
讲述这个问题，就是因为搜索非常重要，并且它是一个可以解决大量问题的通用技巧。
然而，使用搜索的前提要确保真的没有其他可替代的计算方法存在！例如，寻路方法可
以将一个无序数组作为起点（初始结点）来生成目标数组（目标结点），但是使用这个
指数级时间的算法是没有必要的，因为已经有大量
O
(
n
log
n
)
的排序算法。
表
12-5
给出了寻路算法（见第
7
章）在各种情况下的性能。虽然这些算法都有着指数级
的性能，但它们依然是实现智能游戏对弈程序的首选。这些算法确定了问题解决方案的
结构，它们之所以成功是因为复杂的启发式技术在真正意义上让搜索变得更加智能。
表
12
-
5
：人工智能中的寻路算法
算法 最好 平均 最差 涉及概念
深度优先搜索
b*d b
d
b ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.