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算法技术手册(原书第2 版)
book

算法技术手册(原书第2 版)

by George T.Heineman, Gary Pollice, Stanley Selkow
August 2017
Intermediate to advanced
360 pages
8h 35m
Chinese
China Machine Press
Content preview from 算法技术手册(原书第2 版)
算法的数学原理
23
算法的
数学原理
在复杂性理论中,还有一种
Θ
(
f
(
n
))
表示,它融合了上下界的思想,用于描述精确的
tight bound
),即下界为
Ω
(
f
(
n
))
,上界则是使用相同分类函数
f
(
n
)
O
(
f
(
n
))
我们采用更为广泛接受的(更加非正式一些的)
O
(
f
(
n
))
来简化算法表示和分析。我们保证,
在讨论算法性能时,如果一个算法被认定为
O
(
f
(
n
)),
一定不会存在更为精确的
f'
(
n
)
可以
对算法进行分类。
2.4 性能指标
在比较算法时,我们使用了问题数据的规模
n
来评估算法的性能。这是过去半个世纪算
法比较的标准方法。通过输入数据的规模评估算法的执行时间,我们可以知晓哪种算法
能够更好地适应一些异常规模的问题。性能评估的第二种方法是考虑算法将会耗费多少
内存或者存储空间。之后的小节详细讨论这个问题。
常见的算法分类(按照效率降序排列)如下
常数级:
O
(
1
)
对数级:
O
(log
n
)
次线性级:
O
(
n
d
)
,其中
d
< 1
线性级:
O
(
n
)
线性对数级:
O
(
n
log
n
)
平方级
:
O
(
n
2
)
指数级:
O
(
2
n
)
注意:在评估算法性能时,必须要找到算法中计算费用最大的部分才能决定算法的分类。
例如,如果一个算法可以被划分为两个任务,其中一个任务为线性级,另一个任务为平
方级,那么这个算法的总体性能应当归为平方级。
下面将通过一些例子来阐释这些不同的性能分类。
2.4.1 常数级算法的性能
在分析算法性能时,本书常常会强调原生操作都具有常数级的性能。很明显,这个声明
并不能完全准确地描述实际操作的性能,因为它没有考虑到硬件问题 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111562221