Public routing and BGP
Once we have connected the subnets to the internet, the context of routing comes into play. Each packet in the IP space is routed either through IPv4 or IPv6 routing mechanisms to reach its final destination. Since the IP protocols live in the network layer, the devices that transmit the packets across the internet need to use some kind of mechanism to determine where to send the packet so it will reach its intended destination. Each device that is connected to the internet will need to determine its own gateway to exit the network, and the gateway will need to understand which other devices host which sets of IP addresses.
On today's internet, the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used to route traffic between so-called ...
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