
Chapter 10
model does not address the maintenance of this tunnel as the mobile UE drags the tunnel
across different access networks. We will see that 3GPP2 plans to address this problem using a
new IETF protocol called MOBIKE [6], which we will discuss briefly in Section 10.8.
10.7 UMA: A Transitional Step for 3GPP
The advent of UMA technology came about through a consortium of companies that were
independent of 3GPP but anxious to see near-term deployments of dual-mode 802.11-GSM
handheld devices. Considerable specification work was accomplished by this group, and
commercial products are now available. Nevertheless, compared with the sweeping scope