April 2022
Beginner to intermediate
486 pages
10h 22m
Chinese
Content preview from 云端基因组学
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基因组学简介
：
新手必读
｜
29
我们既已了解基因遗传的基本术语和机制，下面就来探讨基因的实际作用。
2.1.2
生物学中心法则：从
DNA
到
RNA
再到蛋白质
生物学中心法则是我们理解基因是什么和基因怎样工作的下一阶段。该法则讲的
是以
DNA
形式编码到基因中的“蓝图”信息被转录为中间形式
RNA
（
ribonucleic
acid
，核糖核酸）。
RNA
与
DNA
有着密切联系。细胞在
RNA
的指导下，将氨基酸
连接为蛋白质。
DNA
和
RNA
的主要不同是：
RNA
有一种不同的核苷酸（尿嘧啶而
非胸腺嘧啶，但它仍与腺嘌呤配对）。从生化学角度讲，比起
DNA
，
RNA
非常不稳定。
你可将
DNA
想象为主蓝图，而将
RNA
想象为主蓝图分区的工作拷贝。细胞利用这
些工作拷贝构造蛋白质。这些蛋白质的功能可以是结构性组件（如肌纤维），也可
以是代谢的施动者（如消化酶），并最终成为我们身体大厦的砖块和垒砖人。
上述整个过程称为基因表达，如图
2-2
所示。基因表达意义重大，它能解释很多现象，
然而这还不是全景。作为对基因表达过程的一种描述，它本可以一直保持正确，但
是有那么几十年该理论走偏了，竟宣称信息的这种流动是严格单向地和全面地。是
的，你猜到了：即使是基因的概念，后来人们发现该理论也有瑕疵。我们已发现生
命以多种形式违背人们信奉已久的这条法则：生命通过从
DNA
至
RNA
这条路径以
及仅
RNA
这条路径，就可以以多种有趣和令人困惑的方式修改基因表达。有些路
径可以在无
RNA
模板的指导下合成蛋白质，这种称为非核糖体蛋白质合成。一些
细菌用该方法生成小分子， ...
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I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.