April 2022
Beginner to intermediate
486 pages
10h 22m
Chinese
Content preview from 云端基因组学
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生命科学家必备计算技术入门
｜
67
3.1.2
计算组织的层级：核、节点、集群和云
当你从个人计算机迈入高性能计算领域，你就会听到人们讨论集群或云平台的核、
节点，如图
3-1
所示。我们现在就来看这些术语的意思及其关系。
核
节点或机器
集群
登录节点
（login node）
或调度器
单核CPU
多核CPU
数据
网络节点共享文件
系统
内存
存储
图
3
-
1
：计算组织的层级
底层：核
核（
core
）是一台机器或一个节点的处理器的最小不可分割单元，处理器由一个及
以上核组成。你的笔记本电脑或台式机较新的话，其
CPU
大概至少有两个核，并因
之称为双核处理器。若有四个核，则称为四核处理器，以此类推。高端消费者计算
机的核数比这还要多；例如，最新的
Mac Pro
，其
CPU
有
12
核（按拉丁文命名方
式，应称之为
dodeca-core
），但专业级计算机可拥有数十或数百核。
GPU
的核数通
常要比
CPU
高一个量级，可多达数千核。
TPU
类似于
CPU
，其核数为个位数，但
FPGA
则完全打破该模式：它们的核数由编程方式而非构造方式确定。
中层：节点或机器
节点其实只是作为集群或云的一部分的一台计算机。它类似我们大多数人日常工作
中使用的笔记本电脑或台式机，只是没有常见于个人计算机的显示器和外围设备。
一个节点有时又简单地称为一台机器。
高层：集群和云
集群和云均指一组机器或节点。
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.