April 2022
Beginner to intermediate
486 pages
10h 22m
Chinese
Content preview from 云端基因组学
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80
｜
第
3
章
作系统、环境和预安装的软件包。倘若你要用的软件尚未安装，你需要请系统管理
员安装，但他们可能会拒绝你的请求，又或你想安装的程序包不兼容现有软件。从
帮助台系统管理员的角度讲，跟踪用户想要什么、管理版本和处理兼容问题，非常
头疼。这类系统的更新和扩展颇费工夫。
这就是为什么大多数现代系统使用各种程度的虚拟化。基本而言，虚拟化是一种非
常聪明的抽象方法，利用虚拟机（
VM
，见图
3-4B
）和容器（见图
3-4C
）在相同硬
件上，运行多种不同软件配置。这些结构体适用于多种情景，你也可以本地系统上
有选择地使用它们（甚至在个人笔记本电脑上也可以用容器技术！），但云基础设
施决不能少了它们。
应用1
物理机
A. 物理机（如你的笔记本电脑）软件栈
二进制文件和库
物理机操作系统
应用1
应用1
应用2
应用2
应用3
应用3
虚拟机
操作系统
虚拟机
操作系统
虚拟机
操作系统
Hypervisor（虚拟机监视器）
物理机操作系统 物理机操作系统
基础设施层 基础设施层
C. 容器B. 虚拟机
Docker Daemon（服务端）
二进制文件和库 二进制文件和库 二进制文件和库
二进制文件和库 二进制文件和库 二进制文件和库
你想运行的程序（如GATK）
依 赖（ 如 Java、Python）
O S（ 如 Linux、MacOS X）
图
3
-
4
：A）物理机（如你的笔记本电脑）软件栈；B）托管多台虚拟机的系统；C）托管多
个容器的系统
3.4.1
虚拟机和容器
虚拟机是一种基础设施层结构体，有着自己的操作系统。虚拟机运行在虚拟化层上，
虚拟化层又运行在底层物理机的真实操作系统上。最简单情况是虚拟机运行在单台 ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.