Distribution channels can be described by the number of intermediaries that exist between the producer and the final customer. The number of intermediaries, also referred to as channel levels, define the length and breadth of the distribution channel. Figure 15.2(a) illustrates several consumer-goods marketing channels of different lengths.
A zero-level channel, also called a direct marketing channel, consists of a manufacturer selling directly to the final customer. The major examples are mail order, online selling, TV selling, telemarketing, ...
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