October 2018
Intermediate to advanced
555 pages
17h 33m
English
Content preview from Principles of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
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503Introduction to Optical Transport Networks
is carrying data (payload) or not. A majority voting decision (two of three
JC bytes conrming) is considered to take care of bit errors in the JC bytes
during transmission.
Aside from asynchronous mapping mentioned earlier (unequal tributar-
ies data rates), synchronous mapping (equalized tributary data rates) is also
supported on the OPU.
16.8 Forward Error Correction
FEC is one of the strongest features of the OTN and has been considered to
be one of the main justications for OTN. FEC means “detecting and ‘cor-
recting’ (not only detecting), the errors in the received signal.” If we are able
to corre ...
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