
225Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
which provided a complete networkwide synchronization, besides eliminat-
ing many other problems of PDH systems. Thus, PDH is now obsolete and
has given way to SDH. However, there is no other solution for providing syn-
chronization between two operators; thus, the interoperator network connec-
tion continues to be on PDH, although each operator tries to build a complete
synchronized nationwide SDH network of his own.
Nevertheless, the study of PDH is a necessary stepping stone to under-
stand the SDH.
8.9.5 E1 Synchronization through Plesiochronous Network
The justication process allows the master–slave sy