
143Signal Impairments, Error Detection, and Correction
15. Explain jitter frequency with illustration.
16. What are the main causes of jitter and wander? Briey explain each.
17. Which one is the most predominant cause of jitter in digital signal
and why?
18. Explain “waiting time jitter.”
19. How are jitter and wander controlled? Are they required to be com-
pletely eliminated for practical systems?
20. What are the means of controlling jitter? Briey explain.
21. What is PLL? Explain the principle or workings of PLL with the help
of a schematic diagram.
22. Why PLL is so popular?
23. How is the PLL used for jitter control?
24. Wh ...