October 2018
Intermediate to advanced
555 pages
17h 33m
English
Content preview from Principles of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
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238 Principles of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
real data signal, but this time, this “all 1s” signal is “framed” to make it different
from the AIS signal. The framed 1s will have a proper FAS word, thereby avoid-
ing activation of an AIS alarm, per the criteria mentioned in the earlier paragraph.
The detection criteria for higher PDH levels like E2, E3, and E4 are simi-
lar, except the number of 0s to be detected in the bit stream for activation or
clearance in two consecutive frames. The details are shown in Figure 9.5.
9.5 Remote Defect Indication
When AIS is detected at a node, it generates a local AIS alarm and sends an
alarm signal to the ...
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