Principles of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

51Analog-to-Digital Conversion and TDM Principles

In binary systems the values are calculated in a similar way. But there are

only two digits, thus calculations are as follows:

N

Number

Multiplier

Digi

=

× × × × ×

5 4 3 2 1

1 0 1 1 0

2 2 2 2 2

4 3 2 1 0

tt value (decimal value)16 0 4 2 0 22+ + + + =

The value of any digit position “N” is obtained by multiplying the num-

ber present at that digit by (2)

N–1

because it is a binary system having only

2 digits.

Although the processing is done in binary systems, for human interpreta-

tion the signal value has to be converted into a decimal system. We can see

some more examples of binary sequences and their decimal values.

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

128 64 32 16

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

× × × × × × × ×

+ + +

( )i

++ +