
170 Principles of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
always the number of “frame slips.” The number of bits per slip may vary
depending upon the frame length, i.e., number of bits in one frame. For this
purpose, the frame is also taken as the standard frame of 125 μs. Recall the sam-
pling theorem in Chapter 3, where it was mentioned that the sampling rate
for a voice signal is standardized at 8000 samples/s. These 8000 samples/s
work out to 125 μs between each sample. This 125 μs is further time divi-
sion multiplexed to give a 30-channel PCM (E1), and a much higher order of
multiplexing is carried out in SDH/SONET. However, the frame length con-