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Synchronization
Synchronization is perhaps the most important, most complex, and most
confusing about subject of digital communication. This is a subject in which
a real concept building is required if one has to understand or maintain the
digital communication systems. The need for synchronization arose with
the advent of digital communication itself. The digital communication signal
consists of a stream of digits or bits, which are either 1s or 0s, i.e., a pulse or
no pulse. When this pulse train leaves the transmitter of one telecommuni-
cation node and reaches the receiver of another telecommunication node,
the receiver