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9
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
Maintenance Alarms
In any practical communication system, it is necessary to ensure that the
signal or data that are being transmitted by a transmitting station is being
received correctly by the receiving station. The timely knowledge of the
problem is necessary to restore the services quickly in case of a disruption or
incorrect reception.
There could be several impediments to the correct reception of the signal/
data. The following two situations can arise:
(i) No signal/data being received. (Digital signals are termed as signal
or data, as these signals are always in the form of bits.)