March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
522 pages
13h 52m
Chinese
Content preview from Python语言及其应用（第2版）
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330
｜
第
18
章
18.3 Web
服务器框架
Web
服务器负责处理
HTTP
和
WSGI
的细节，而你使用
Web
框架来编写为站点提供支持
的
Python
代码。下面先来讨论一下框架
，然后再回到为使用框架的网站提供服务的替代
方法。
如果想用
Python
编写网站，那么可用的
Python W
eb
框架有很多（有人认为过多了）。
Web
框架（至少）可以处理客户端请求和服务器响应。多数主流
Web
框架包括以下任务。
•
处理
HTTP
协议
•
认证（
authn
，或者你是谁？）
•
授权（
authz
，或者你能做什么？）
•
建立会话
•
获取参数
•
验证参数（必需
/
可选、类型、范围）
•
处理
HTTP
动词
•
路由（函数
/
类）
•
服务静态文件（
HTML
、
JS
、
CSS
、图片）
•
服务动态数据（数据库、服务）
•
返回值和
HTTP
状态
可选特性如下。
•
后端模板
•
数据库连通性，
ORM
•
速率限制
•
异步任务
在接
下来的几节中，我们将编写两个框架（
bottle
和
flask
）的示例代码。两者都是
同步
的。稍后我会讲到替代方案，尤其是对于有数据库支持的网站。只要你能想到的站点，都
能够找到一款
Python
框架来为其提供支持。
18.3.1 Bottle
Bottle
只包含一个
Python
文件，因此很容易上手，也易于部署。
Bottle
不属于标准
Python
的组成部分，需要自己安装。可以输入下列命令：
$
pip install bottle
以下代码运行一个测试
Web
服务器，当你在浏览器中访问
http://localhost:9999/
时会返回一
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.