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O'Reilly Platform
book
Python语言及其应用(第2版)
by
Bill Lubanovic
March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
522 pages
13h 52m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
Python语言及其应用(第2版)
330
|
第
18
章
18.3 Web
服务器框架
Web
服务器负责处理
HTTP
和
WSGI
的细节,而你使用
Web
框架来编写为站点提供支持
的
Python
代码。下面先来讨论一下框架
,然后再回到为使用框架的网站提供服务的替代
方法。
如果想用
Python
编写网站,那么可用的
Python W
eb
框架有很多(有人认为过多了)。
Web
框架(至少)可以处理客户端请求和服务器响应。多数主流
Web
框架包括以下任务。
•
处理
HTTP
协议
•
认证(
authn
,或者你是谁?)
•
授权(
authz
,或者你能做什么?)
•
建立会话
•
获取参数
•
验证参数(必需
/
可选、类型、范围)
•
处理
HTTP
动词
•
路由(函数
/
类)
•
服务静态文件(
HTML
、
JS
、
CSS
、图片)
•
服务动态数据(数据库、服务)
•
返回值和
HTTP
状态
可选特性如下。
•
后端模板
•
数据库连通性,
ORM
•
速率限制
•
异步任务
在接
下来的几节中,我们将编写两个框架(
bottle
和
flask
)的示例代码。两者都是
同步
的。稍后我会讲到替代方案,尤其是对于有数据库支持的网站。只要你能想到的站点,都
能够找到一款
Python
框架来为其提供支持。
18.3.1 Bottle
Bottle
只包含一个
Python
文件,因此很容易上手,也易于部署。
Bottle
不属于标准
Python
的组成部分,需要自己安装。可以输入下列命令:
$
pip install bottle
以下代码运行一个测试
Web
服务器,当你在浏览器中访问
http://localhost:9999/
时会返回一
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115586223