March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
522 pages
13h 52m
Chinese
Content preview from Python语言及其应用（第2版）
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Python
的科学
｜
411
使用
gcd
函数获得两个数的最大公约数。
>>> import fractions
>>> fractions.gcd(24, 16)
8
22.1.5
使用
array
创建压缩序列
Python
列表更像是链表而非数组。如果想要相同类型元素组成的一维序列，那么可以使
用
array
类型。它比列表占用的空间更少，支持多种列表方法。可以使用
array(
typecode
,
initializer
)
创建序列。
typecode
会指定数据类型（比如
int
或
float
），可选的
initializer
包含初始值，可以将其指定为列表、字符串或可迭代对象。
我从未在实际工作中使用过这个包。它是一种低阶数据结构，适用于图像数据等。如果
确实需要一个数组（尤其是多维数组）来进行数值计算，则使用
22.3
节介绍的
NumPy
会更好。
22.1.6
使用
statistics
进行简单的统计
从
Python 3.4
开始，
statistics
成了一个标准模块。它包含许多实用函数：均值、中位数、
求模、标准差、方差，等等。输入参数可以是序列（列表或元组），也可以是各种数值类
型（整数、浮点数、小数和分数）的迭代器。
mode
函数也可以接受字符串。
SciPy
包和
Pandas
包中含有更多的统计函数，本章随后会介绍。
21.1.7
矩阵乘法
从
Python 3.5
开始，字符
@
的作用不再仅限于普通的字符。除了仍可用作装饰器，它还有
了一个新用途：
矩阵乘法
。如果你使用的是旧版
Python
，那么
NumPy
是最佳选择。
22.2
科学 ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.