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Python语言及其应用(第2版)
book

Python语言及其应用(第2版)

by Bill Lubanovic
March 2022
Intermediate to advanced
522 pages
13h 52m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from Python语言及其应用(第2版)
函数
137
9.10
名称空间和作用域
希求这人的才华横溢,那人的见多识广。
——
W
illiam Shakespeare
名称可以指代不同的事物,具体取决于在哪里使用。
Python
程序拥有各种
名称空间
——特
定的名称在其中是唯一的,与其他名称空间中的同名名称没有任何关系。
每个函数都定义了自己的名称空间。如果你在主程序中定义了变量
x
,在某个函数中定义
了另一个变量
x
,那么这两个变量指代的是不同的东西。但名称空间之间并不是密不透风
的:如果你需要,可以通过各种方式访问其他名称空间中的名称。
主程序部分定义了
全局
global
)名称空间,在其中定义的变量就是
全局变量
可以在函数内获取全局变量的值:
>>> animal = 'fruitbat'
>>> def print_global():
... print('inside print_global:', animal)
...
>>> print('at the top level:', animal)
at the top level: fruitbat
>>> print_global()
inside print_global: fruitbat
但如果你尝试在函数内获取全局变量的值并进行修改,则会产生错误:
>>> def change_and_print_global():
... print('inside change_and_print_global:', animal)
... animal = 'wombat'
... print('after ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787115586223