Packets
Data to be sent over the network is split into packets. This process starts at the transport layer, where data received from the application layer is divided into smaller units called segments for TCP and datagrams for UDP. Each TCP segment is assigned a sequence number for later reassembly, and a TCP header is added to each segment. The TCP header contains control information, such as source and destination port numbers.
These segments (for TCP) or datagrams (for UDP) are then passed to the network layer, where they are encapsulated into packets. Each packet includes an IP header that contains necessary control information, such as the ...
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