
176 • Big Data Analytics
works hand-in-hand with R (rggobi). It has versions available for
Windows, Macintosh, and Linux.
SPAM FILTERING
What is spam ltering? We hesitate to include spam ltering as
machine learning, but that is, in fact, exactly what many of these tools
will do for the user. Many of them implement a Bayesian classication
lter that “learns” as the user indicates which e-mail is spam and which
is not.
Why would we use spam ltering? We use spam ltering to declutter our
e-mail of useless advertising, sexual promotions, and other trivia in the net-
verse. Similar algorithms can also be used to separate other kinds of data.
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