Machine Learning • 181
Who would use MDS? A common application of MDS relates to the
manipulation of geospatial data.
How do we implement MDS?
• XLSTAT Pro (http://www.xlstat.com/en/products-solutions/feature/
multidimensional-scaling-mds.html): XLSTAT uses the SMACOF
(scaling by majorizing a convex function) algorithm.
• Quick-R (http://www.statmethods.net/advstats/mds.html): This
Web page shows how to do MDS with R.
• NewMDSX (http://www.newmdsx.com): A commercial tool devel-
oped in part by Anthony Peter Macmillan Coxon, one of the fore-
most proponents of this approach.
• Multidimensional scaling for Java (http://www.inf.uni-konstanz.de/
algo/soware/mdsj/): A free Java library.
• ALSCAL (http://forrest.psych.unc.edu/research/alscal.html)