Big Data Analytics

248 • Big Data Analytics

• “If an instance in which the phenomenon under investigation occurs,

and an instance in which it does not occur, have every circumstance

save one in common, that one occurring only in the former; the cir-

cumstance in which alone the two instances dier, is the eect, or

cause, or an necessary part of the cause, of the phenomenon.”

• “If two or more instances in which the phenomenon occurs have

only one circumstance in common, while two or more instances in

which it does not occur have nothing in common save the absence

of that circumstance; the circumstance in which alone the two sets

of instances dier, is the eect, or cause, or a necessary part of the

cause, of the phenomenon.”

• “Subduct from any phenomenon such ...