February 2000
Intermediate to advanced
387 pages
7h 36m
English
Content preview from IP Routing Protocols
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END-TO-END COMMUNICATIONS
The layers of the OSI Model and the layers of vendor's models (such as IBM's SNA, or the Internet layered model) contain the communications functions at the lower three or four layers. From the OSI perspective, it is intended that the upper four layers reside in the host computers, as depicted in Figure A-2.
Figure A-2. End-to-End Operations
This does not mean that the lower three layers reside only in the network. In order to effect complete communications, the hardware and software implemented in the lower three layers also exist at the host machine. End-to-end communications, however, occurs between the hosts by invoking ...
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