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Understanding reconnaissance

In the previous chapters, Erdal Ozkaya has described the cyber kill chain; that is, a process diagram developed by Lockheed Martin to better understand how threat actors prepare and execute cyber-attacks. The key is to understand how threat actors operate to better build an effective defense strategy. The first phase for many cyber-attacks is the reconnaissance or short recon phase. The term reconnaissance comes originally from the military, and means to identify useful intelligence about the enemy's location, intention, combat plan, and anything else that could be relevant to infiltration, gaining a technical advantage, or preparing for combat against them.

In cyberspace, the recon phase follows the same principles, ...