
Identify Desired Performance 31
Table 2.2. Three Levels of Focus and Planning
5
Level of
Results
Level of Planning
and Focus
Examples
Societal
outcomes
(Mega-level)
Strategic: Results to
be contributed to
external partners,
clients’ clients, and
the shared society
• Profits over time (not just
one-shot)
• Self-sufficient citizens
• Zero disabilities from
accidents
• Zero starvation
Organizational
outputs
(Macro-level)
Tactical: Results to
be delivered by the
organization to
external clients
• Delivered vehicle
• Discharged patient
• Competent graduate
• Dividends
• Non-polluting exhaust
Individual/team
products
(Micro-level)
Operational: ...