172 Performance by Design
What Should Be: Desired or required operational results and conse-
quences. These could be for an individual, an organization,
and/or society.
wishes: Desires concerning means and ends. It is important not to
confuse wishes with needs.
Making Sense of Definitions and Their
Contribution to a Mega Perspective
Here are some ground rules for strategic thinking and planning:
1. System Approach ≠ Systems Approach ≠ Systematic
Approach ≠ Systemic Approach
2. Mega-level Planning ≠ Macro-Level Planning ≠ Micro-Level
Planning
3. System Analysis ≠ Systems Analysis
4. Means ≠ Ends
5. Hope ≠ Reality
6. Outcome ≠ Output ≠ Product ≠ Process ≠ Input
7. There are three levels of planning: Mega, Macro, and
Micro, and three related ...