March 2017
Intermediate to advanced
232 pages
4h 44m
Chinese
Content preview from 自造手冊：新工業革命實務指南
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第 16 章 Arduino
162
這些腳位可以調整輸出訊號的頻率；以
水龍頭來比喻的話，意即除了完全開啟
／關閉以外，您還可以決定水流的大小。
這對某些裝置來說非常有用，例如調整
馬達的轉速，或者是 LED 燈的亮度。但
它的運作原理是什麼呢？
基本上，它的原理與傳統的每秒 24 格電
影放映機相同：
• 若只投影黑格，成像為黑色。
• 若只投影白格，成像為白色。
• 若交錯投影黑格與白格，成像就是灰
色。若您加上比例，例如兩個黑格、
一個白格，則成像 為 深黑色；相反
地，兩個黑格、一個白格，成像即淺
灰色。
Arduino 不只有 24 個，而 是高達 256 個
「灰階」，也就是說，當數值是 128 的時
候，輸出會剛好在中間。在腳位 9 輸出
128 的指令如下：
analogWrite(9, 128);
第一個參數代表所使用的腳位，第二個
參數是所應用的類比數值。analogWrite
(9 , 0) 等於 digi t alWr i te (9 , LOW)，而
analogWrite (9,255) 則 等 於 digitalWrite
(9,HIGH)。PWM 訊號顯示如
圖 16-15
。
圖 16-15
各種可行的 PWM 週期
您 可 以 用 這 個 指 令 以 不 同 的 頻 率 來 讓
LED 燈漸亮或漸暗。首先，您得準備一
條 電 線 將 LED 燈 接 到 支 援 PWM 腳 位
（例：腳位 9）的電路（
圖 16-16
）。
圖 16-16
接在 PWM 腳位上的 LED 燈
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