March 2017
Intermediate to advanced
232 pages
4h 44m
Chinese
Content preview from 自造手冊：新工業革命實務指南
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第 12 章 3D 列印
90
如何運作的？
FDM 列印機是在一個可垂直移動（Z 軸）
的平台上印製物件。
擠出頭
（
extruder
）—
就是有著噴嘴與加熱器的裝置，很像熱
熔膠槍，會在 X 與 Y 軸上移動並將塑膠
材料 融 化 之 後 逐 層疊 在 平 台 上（
圖 12-
2
）。多虧了高品質的步進馬達（
stepper
motor
）， 許 多 FDM 列 印 機 在 X 與 Y 軸
上的作動精度都能達到 1/10 微米，Z 軸
則 可 達 到 2.5 微 米（ 約 0.0001"）。 不 過
由於擠出頭的尺寸，每一列印層的解析
度通常會在 100 到 350 微米之間（0.004"
到 0.014"）。雖然有時一個軸上會配置兩
顆馬達，但每一軸都至少會有一個馬達，
擠出頭也需要一個。用來導引步進馬達
的電路稱為驅動器（
driver
）。
圖 12-2
運作中的擠出頭，攝於東京 FabCafe
擠 出 噴 嘴， 有 點 像 是 前 端 有 個 小 洞 的
金 屬 漏 斗， 是 接 在 一 個 可 加 熱 到 大 約
250° C 的電阻上（某些款式的擠出頭可
超過 300° C）。
擠出頭會加熱到比所用材料熔點再高一
些的溫度，這樣可讓材料順暢流動，能
夠順利層疊在平台上而不會滴得太多。
列印機的列印區域由其尺寸與結構而定。
早期機型的列印區域不過就是幾平方公
分而已；今天最普遍的規格是 20×20×20
公分，因為這是桌上型列印機的最佳折
衷方案，當然也有列印區域更大的機種。
雖然這樣的區域看起來還是有點小，您
可以逐塊列印再組裝起
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