March 2017
Intermediate to advanced
232 pages
4h 44m
Chinese
Content preview from 自造手冊：新工業革命實務指南
Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.
第 3 章 一場新革命？
12
盟軍的下一步便是製造電子計算機，讓
解密員可以在更短的時間內破譯。戰爭
快結束之前，英國研發出第一台全電子
計算電腦：Lorenz SZ 40/42，可以破譯
由另一台完全不同的德國密碼機加密過
的情報。
然而，第一台電子電腦也有它的缺點：
他們的體積大到塞滿整個房間、造價昂
貴，卻又非常脆弱，因為它主要是由玻
璃真空管所組成。第一代電子電腦之一
的 ENIAC（見
圖 3-1
）的
平均故障間隔
時 間
（
Mean Time Between Failures
） 是
以小時為單位。只要一故障，就會有工
作人員
「走進」
電腦裡（請記得它跟一
個房間一樣大），然後在機器內部中從
17,468 根真空管中找出到底是哪幾根燒
壞了。
圖 3-1
ENIAC，一種非常初期的電腦（來自維基
共享資源中的美軍照片）
從那之後，電腦以驚人的幅度躍進：計
算能 力 每 18 個 月即 雙倍 成 長， 時 至 今
日，隨便一款智慧型手機的效能都遠遠
超越當年最快的資料處理器。
知識的力量
重大的創新通常因軍事用途而生，網際
網路也是一樣。網際網路開始於一個叫
作 ARPANET， 在 1960 年 代 由 DARPA
（國防高等研究計劃署，美國國防部屬下
的一個行政機構）資助的計劃，用途是
連結四所大學裡的電腦：史丹佛研究所、
加州大學聖塔芭芭拉分校、猶他大學、
加州大學洛杉磯分校。
自那之後，愈來愈多的電腦加入網路中
互相連結：一開始只是區域網路，慢慢
地擴展到地區性及國家層面，最後涵蓋
到全球。我們稱這種全球網路為網際網
路，多虧了其中
Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.
Read now
Unlock full access
More than 5,000 organizations count on O’Reilly
O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.