Global Supply Chain Quality Management

70 ◾ Dongming Ye et al.

of products. However, recent E.U. legislative requirements stipulate that retailers bear

the same responsibilities relating to toy safety as the manufacturers do (European Toy

Safety Directive 2009). Traders are usually more remotely located from the manufac-

turers and the production of the toys, generally buying toys o the shelf.

As a result, the responsibility for toy safety ultimately falls on the manufactur-

ers, which are typically Chinese. In general, smaller manufacturers have less ability

Table 5.1 Toy Recalls by the CPSC

Year

Total Number

of Recalls

Recalls of Chinese-Made Toys

Number Percentage

1988 29 1 3

1989 52 ...