March 2004
Intermediate to advanced
560 pages
14h 38m
English
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7.7. Symptoms of a CPU Bottleneck
What are the symptoms of a CPU bottleneck? The four major areas are:
Saturation of CPU
Large queues
Resource starvation
User dissatisfaction with the system
7.7.1. Saturation
Saturation may be indicated by the following:
Zero idle CPU
A high percentage of user CPU usage
A high percentage of system CPU usage
In the case of high system CPU usage, memory management, I/O management, and SMP kernel contention involving spinlocks may cause false symptoms of saturation. Real causes of CPU saturation from heavy system CPU usage are:
A heavy IPC system call rate
Heavy termio load
Evidence of process creation
Heavy network traffic
An SMP kernel contention, but only if caused by a user process
7.7.2. Expensive CPU Utilization
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