Implementing and Sustaining Lean IT Improvements ◾ 183
◾ Project complexity, with frequent evidence of backlogs and bottlenecks
(low project success rate)
◾ Insufficient resources and budget
◾ Employee job insecurity (threats of firing for poor quality work or per-
formance, workforce reductions)
◾ Low employee morale (for many reasons)
◾ Lack of management support or sponsorship
◾ Lack of overall organization objectives, strategy, or direction
◾ Poor communications
◾ Lack of supporting Knowledge Management (information is fragmented,
incomplete, inaccurate, out of date)
◾ Lots of legacy effects, with disparate, incompatible systems, forcing lots
of manual work
◾ Lack of metrics and measurement infrastructure
◾ Resistance to change
◾ Poor rela ...