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engineering consulting rms, such as CH2M Hill in Denver, or beer
companies thinking of getting into branded bottled drinking water.
In the past decade, the perceived returns on innovation have gone up
substantially. Why? Three reasons. First, the approach of improving
value creation through greater cost productivity, efciency, and qual-
ity that was so popular in the 1980s and 1990s has run its course as a
source of competitive advantage.
Think about the Toyota example we discussed in previous chapters.
Clearly, if your organization is not as good as the best in ...