Digital Systems: Principles and Design

Preface xvii

Acknowledgements xx

1. Basic Digital Concepts 1

1.1 Concepts of 1s, 0s 1

1.1.1 Positive Logic 1

1.1.2 Negative Logic 2

1.1.3 Popular Representations of Digital Circuits 2

1.2 Analog vs. Digital Circuits 2

2. Number Systems 11

2.1 Decimal Number 11

2.2 Binary Number 12

2.3 Use of Binary Numbers to Represent a Number 13

2.4 Use of Octal Numbers to Represent a Number 14

2.5 Use of Decimal Numbers to Represent a Number 15

2.6 Use of Hexadecimal Numbers to Represent a Number 15

2.7 Use of BCD Number to Represent a Decimal Number 17

2.8 Fractional Numbers 17

3. Binary Arithmetic and Twos Complement Arithmetic 32

3.1 Binary Addition Arithmetic 32