M7.1. Background
Biochemical reactors are used in a wide variety of processes, from waste treatment to alcohol fermentation. Biomass (cells) consume substrate (sugar or waste chemicals) and produce more cells. A typical control and instrumentation diagram, with biomass concentration as the measured output, is shown in Figure M7-1.
Figure M7-1. Simplified control and instrumentation diagram for a biochemical reactor.
Model
The modeling equations for a bioreactor are
Equation M7.1
where the state variables are x1 = biomass (cell) concentration = mass ...
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